These ecological factors or limiting factors are broadly classified as biotic factors and abiotic factors. The different population traits like preferences, population size, migrations, etc are dependent on a number of ecological factors. These interrelationships in the population dynamics form the basis of how the different populations will perform, grow and thrive together. Population ecology is a specialized field in ecology that deals with the populations of different species, their interactions with each other, and the environment they reside. Under such a defined parameter, the role of these factors and their impact need to be studied for understanding population ecology extensively. As the population size increases or decreases in a defined area, increasing population density or decreasing population density are respectively noted. Their effects on the population are directly or inversely related to population density. International Hunter Education Association.
Both types of factors limit population growth by regulating the population growth rates in different ways. Figure 1: The different types of limiting factors are shown in the illustration, some being density-dependent while others are density-independent. Some of the common examples are the availability of food, parasitism, predation, disease, and migration. In biology, the definition of density-dependent factors is the ecological factors that affect population size and growth in a density-dependent manner. We will be discussing the former in detail in this article and provide you with answers to questions like what is a density-dependent factor, what are limiting factors, some examples of density-dependent factors, etc. They ensure that the carrying capacity of the environment is not eroded by controlling the survival and reproduction processes of the population.
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